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Time：2015/10/22 13:01:07

 Sensors are playing an increasingly important role in science and technology, industrial and agricultural production and daily life. Increasing demands put forward by human society is a powerful driving force sensor sensor technology development, and modern science and technology advances will have to provide a strong backing. With the development of science and technology, the sensor is constantly updated development.
1, the development of new sensors
The new sensor, generally should include: the introduction of new principles, to fill gaps aspects sensor, biomimetic sensors. It is interconnected between them. Working mechanism of the sensor is based on the laws of the various effects and thereby inspire people to further explore sensitive functional materials with new effects, and thus developed a new type of sensor physical properties having new principle, which is the development of high-performance, multi-function, an important way to lower cost and miniaturization of the sensor. Structure type sensor developed earlier, now matures. Structure type sensor, usually it's complicated structure, the volume is too large, the high prices. Physical sensors substantially by contrast, has many attractive advantages, coupled with development in the past is not enough. Countries in the world have invested a lot of manpower and material resources in the physical sensors to strengthen research, thus making it a noteworthy developments. Which use various effects of quantum mechanics developed low sensitivity threshold sensor for detecting weak signals, is developing one of the new trends.
2, integrated, multi-functional, intelligent
Integrated sensor includes two definitions, one more element of the same functions in parallel, will the same type of a single sensing element with integrated process line up on the same plane, arranged in one-dimensional linear sensor, CCD image sensor on this is the case. Another definition is the integrated multi-functional integration, upcoming sensor and amplification, temperature compensation and other aspects of operation and integration, assembled into a single device.
With the development of integration technology, and various types of hybrid integrated monolithically integrated pressure sensors have emerged, some of them have become a commodity. Integrated piezoresistive pressure sensor, capacitive, and other types, including piezoresistive sensors integrated rapid development and wide application.
Multifunctional sensor is also one of its development. Typical examples of so-called multi-functional, a university in the United States Sensor Research and Development Center developed monolithic silicon multidimensional force sensor can measure three linear velocity, three centrifugal acceleration (angular velocity) and three angular acceleration. Monolithic silicon structure is composed of four main components designed and installed properly on a cantilever substrate composed of nine correct piezoresistive sensitive elements on each cantilever arrangement. Multifunction can not only reduce production costs, reduce the size, but also can effectively improve the stability of the sensor, reliability and other performance indicators.
A plurality of different functions integrated sensing elements, in addition to a variety of measurement parameters can be carried out at the same time, but also to measure the results of these parameters for comprehensive processing and evaluation, can reflect the overall state of the system under test. Can also be seen by the above, integrated solid state sensor has brought many new opportunities, but it is also a multi-functional basis.
Sensor and microprocessor combine to make it not only has the detection function, also has information processing, logic, self-diagnosis, and "thinking" artificial intelligence, it is called intelligent sensors. By means of semiconductor integrated technology portion of the sensor signal pre-processing circuit, input and output interfaces, microprocessor fabricated on the same chip, that is a large-scale integrated intelligent sensors. It can be said smart sensor is a sensor technology and LSI technology combined with the product, its realization will depend on improving the integration of sensor technology and semiconductor technology level and development. Such sensors have more energy, high performance, small size, suitable for mass production and ease of use, can say for sure, it is one of the important direction sensor.
 
3, new materials development
Sensor material is an important foundation of sensor technology, sensor technology is an important support to upgrade.
With advances in materials science, sensor technology matured, more and more of its kind, in addition to semiconductor materials, ceramic materials early use of optical fibers and the development of superconducting materials for the development of the sensor provides a material basis. For example, according to the silicon substrate of semiconductor material many easy miniaturization, integration, multi-functional, intelligent, and a semiconductor optical heat detectors with high sensitivity, high precision, non-contact characteristics, the development of infrared sensors, laser sensors , fiber optic sensors and other modern sensors; sensitive materials, ceramic materials, organic materials developed rapidly, may be different formulations mixed material, based on the precise chemical composition of the deployment, through precision molding sintering, to obtain a certain kind or certain types of gas sensitive material having an identification function, used to form novel gas sensor. In addition, organic polymer sensitive material, is of great concern in recent years, a new type of sensitive material has potential applications can be made of heat-sensitive, light-sensitive, gas, humidity, force-sensitive, ion-sensitive and bio-sensitive and other sensors. The continuous development of sensor technology, but also promote the development of newer materials, such as nano materials. US NRC has developed a nano-ZrO2 gas sensors, control motor vehicle exhaust emissions, the effect of cleaning up the environment is very good, relatively broad application prospects. As a result of the sensor nano materials, with a huge screen, can provide a lot of gas channels, and on-resistance is very small, is conducive to miniaturization of the sensor, with the continuous progress of science and technology, there will be more new material birth .
4, the use of new technology
In the development of new sensors, is inseparable from the use of new technology. Meaning a wide range of new technology, this is mainly refers to the development of new sensor contact particularly close microfabrication techniques. The technology, also known as micro-machining technology, in recent years with the development of integrated circuit technology together, it is technology ion beam, electron beam, molecular beam, laser beam and chemical etching process used in microelectronics, has been more The more sensors to be used in the field, such as sputtering, evaporation, plasma etching, chemical gas deposition (CVD), epitaxy, diffusion, etching, lithography, etc., so far, made extensive use of the sensor of the above-mentioned process The domestic and international coverage.
5, smart materials
Smart material refers to the design and the physical, chemical, mechanical, electrical and other parameters controlling material, developed biological material with the characteristics or superior material properties of organisms artificial materials. Some people think that the material has the following functions can be called smart materials: judgment may have on the environment adaptive function; with self-diagnostic function; with self-healing capabilities; with self-enhancement (or time base function).
The most prominent feature of the organism when the base material is a function, so this is the differential type sensor characteristics, its variational more sensitive parts. Conversely, in a long-term environmental and accustomed to this environment, the sensitivity decreases. In general, it can adapt to the environment adjust the sensitivity. In addition to the biological material, most notably the intelligence material is a shape memory alloy, shape memory ceramics and shape memory polymers. Exploration work smart materials is just beginning, I believe there will be a great development in the near future.